Theme

Key Insights

Recommendations

International Cooperation

No G20 members qualify as leaders; most show reasonable or limited efforts.

France, UK, Japan, and Germany excel in cooperation and governance.

US and Canada show inconsistent engagement.

Developed countries must consistently participate in and adhere to UNFCCC obligations.

Improve reporting, transparency, and credibility in climate commitments.

National Measures

Developed nations lag in emissions reductions needed for 1.5°C targets.

US and Canada exhibit weak ambitions despite adaptation efforts.

Accelerate net-zero transition, reducing emissions by 43% of 2019 levels by 2030.

Set ambitious targets and bridge implementation gaps.

Sectoral Robustness

Countries making reasonable progress lack sufficient sectoral robustness.

Strengthen actions across energy, industry, transport, agriculture, and waste sectors for sustainable transitions.

Enablers

Climate finance delivery remains inadequate and inequitable.

Developed countries should enhance climate finance flows, focusing on adaptation, loss, and damage.

Strengthen NCQG with qualitative and quantitative goals by COP29.

Climate Adaptation Efforts

India and South Africa lead among developing nations in key agreements and domestic actions.

Developing nations need better resources and infrastructure support.

Provide developing nations with technical, financial, and infrastructural support.

Ensure fair transitions minimizing harm to emerging economies through equitable resource allocation.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q.Analyze the challenges faced by both developed and developing nations in achieving their climate targets and discuss the role of international cooperation in ensuring global climate action. Use examples from countries leading the way in fulfilling their climate commitments. (250 words)