AUTO-BREWERY SYNDROME

Source: HindustanTimes

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Context

• A Belgian man was acquitted of drunk driving because he suffers from auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), a rare condition whereby the body produces alcohol.

Details

• Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), also known as gut fermentation syndrome or endogenous ethanol fermentation, is a rare medical condition where the body produces alcohol internally, typically in the digestive system, leading to high blood alcohol levels without external alcohol consumption.
• It is a metabolic disorder where fungi or bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract ferment carbohydrates into ethanol, causing intoxication without external alcohol consumption.

Causes

• Microbial Overgrowth: Overgrowth of yeast or bacteria in the gut, particularly Candida species, which ferment carbohydrates into ethanol.
• Dysbiosis: Imbalance in gut microbiota, disrupting normal digestive processes.
• Impaired Liver Function: Liver dysfunction can inhibit the breakdown of alcohol, contributing to elevated blood alcohol levels.

Symptoms

• Intoxication: Feeling drunk or impaired without consuming alcohol.
• Brain Fog: Difficulty concentrating, confusion, or memory impairment.
• Digestive Issues: Abdominal discomfort, bloating, gas, diarrhea, or constipation.
• Fatigue: Chronic fatigue or exhaustion.
• Behavioral Changes: Mood swings, irritability, or depression.
• Headaches: Recurring headaches or migraines.
• Fluctuating Blood Sugar Levels: Due to the fermentation of carbohydrates.

Treatment

• Dietary Modifications: Low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet to reduce substrate for microbial fermentation.
• Antifungal or Antibacterial Medications: Prescription medications to control microbial overgrowth.
• Probiotics: Supplementing with beneficial bacteria to restore gut microbiota balance.
• Avoidance of Triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that exacerbate symptoms, such as certain foods or medications.
• Liver Support: Supporting liver function through dietary changes and supplements.
• Stress Management: Stress reduction techniques to manage symptoms triggered by stress.

Sources:

HindustanTimes

PRACTICE QUESTION Q.  Discuss the medical implications and challenges associated with Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS) and its impact on legal and societal perspectives. (250 words)