AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

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Context

• There is a progressive democratization of autonomous driving tools.

What is a self-driving car?

• A self-driving car (sometimes called an autonomous car or driverless car) is a vehicle that uses a combination of sensors, cameras, radar and artificial intelligence (AI) to travel between destinations without a human operator.
• To qualify as fully autonomous, a vehicle must be able to navigate without human intervention to a predetermined destination over roads that have not been adapted for its use.

PROS OF SELF-DRIVING CARS

1. Prevention of car crashes

Of the 37,133 vehicle fatalities in 2017, 94% of the crashes were due to human error. Computers based on sophisticated systems and algorithms will essentially eliminate costly human error. Major causes of accidents, including drunk or distracted driving, will not be factors with self-driving cars. It’s estimated self-driving cars can reduce accidents by up to 90%.

2. Societal cost-savings

One of the major factors when weighing the pros and cons of automated cars is the cost to society. Reports have shown that autonomous vehicles can help save society approximately $800 billion each year. The reduction in car crash-related costs, reduced strain on the healthcare system, more efficient transportation, better fuel savings, and more can all contribute to the overall societal cost-savings.

3. Traffic efficiency

One of the major benefits of self-driving cars is their ability to communicate with each other. With this ability to communicate in real-time, cars would be able to travel efficiently at optimized distances from each other. They’d also determine the best route for you to take, as to eliminate bumper-to-bumper traffic jams. 

4. Better access and mode of transportation

For those who cannot or choose not to drive, self-driving cars could be a safe and reliable mode of transportation. Those with a disability or the elderly would be able to get into a self-driving car without putting others at risk.

Cities with limited public transit coverage would also benefit from self-driving cars. Self-driving cars can easily reach areas where infrastructure is lacking.

5. Environmentally friendly

Another significant factor in the self-driving cars pros and cons debate is the environment. Autonomous cars will likely be electric rather than utilizing internal-combustion engines. Furthermore, the consistent speeds self-driving cars will be traveling at will reduce constant braking and accelerating. These factors will all contribute to reducing emissions and becoming more environmentally sustainable.

CONS OF SELF-DRIVING CARS

1. Security issues

One of the potential cons about self-driving cars is the possibility of hacking. To have automated cars talk and coordinate with each other, they would need to share the same network protocol. If a large number of cars share the same network, however, they would be susceptible to a hack. Even a small hack could wreak significant damage on busy roads by causing collisions and gridlock traffic. 

2. Job losses

Those who depend on driving to make a living may find their career obsolete with the introduction of self-driving cars. Those in the trucking industry, bus drivers, taxi drivers, will all need to find new employment. Fast food delivery and Uber drivers would also find themselves replaced by automated cars.

3. Initial costs

While self-driving cars may produce significant societal cost-savings in the long-term, the initial cost of automated vehicles may be astronomical. Some experts estimate it could cost an additional $250,000 per vehicle to own a fully autonomous vehicle. Of course, as new technology matures, cost should come down. In the early stages, however, the barrier to entry may be too high for the general population.

4. Moral Machine dilemma

Another one of the disadvantages to self-driving cars is their lack of ability to make judgments between multiple unfavorable outcomes. For example, what if a self-driving car had to face a situation with only two possible options:

1. 1. Veering to the left and striking a pedestrian
   2. Veering to the right and hitting a tree, potentially injuring passengers inside your vehicle

Since both options are undesirable, which option would the autonomous car choose? The Moral Machine, developed by a group at MIT, is seeking to address this issue by collecting data on real-life people’s decisions. However, the data collected shows broad differences amongst different people groups, making it difficult to program any definitive answer for autonomous cars.

5. Machine error

Machine error must be taken into consideration when examining the pros and cons of driverless cars. While most agree self-driving cars will likely prevent more accidents from happening, it does not completely eliminate the risk of accidents caused by machine error. Furthermore, if the software or any part of the vehicle fails, an autonomous vehicle could put the driver in more danger than if the driver was to personally take control of the vehicle.

PRACTICE QUESTION Q. By 2035, autonomous driving could create $300 billion to $400 billion in revenue. What are the pros and cons of Autonomous Driving?

 

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/while-adas-shifts-down-the-price-range-self-drive-tech-on-an-uphill-climb-8596959/