Researchers Uncover New Damselfly Species in Kerala UPSC

CLIFFSIDE BAMBOOTAIL

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Picture Courtesy: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/new-species-of-damselfly-discovered-in-ponmudi/article67852949.ece

Context: The discovery of a new damselfly species in Kerala's Ponmudi hills opens up exciting opportunities for exploring the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats.

About Cliffside Bambootail

A new damselfly species, the Cliffside Bambootail (Phylloneura rupestris), was found in the Ponmudi hills of Kerala. This represents the third damselfly species discovered in this region, known for its rich biodiversity.
This discovery is significant because it challenges the long-held belief that the Phylloneura genus had only one species for over 160 years. It highlights the possibility of more unknown species existing in understudied regions like the southern Western Ghats.
Cliffside Bambootail belongs to the "bambootails" group, named for their elongated abdomen resembling bamboo. Unlike the previously known Myristica Bambootail, this species lays eggs in moss beds on seasonal rock cliffs.
Comparison with Myristica Bambootail
- Myristica Bambootail lays its eggs on tree roots and is associated with specific swamp habitats.
- It is classified as near-threatened due to its limited range and potential habitat loss.
- Comparing these two species showcases the diverse adaptations and ecological niches within the same genus.

Feature	Description	Significance
Discovery	New damselfly species found in Kerala's Ponmudi hills	Adds to the biodiversity record of the region
Species Name	Cliffside Bambootail (Phylloneura rupestris)	Belongs to the "bambootails" group due to its elongated abdomen
Genus Significance	First new species in the Phylloneura genus in over 160 years	Challenges the previous understanding of the genus being monotypic
Habitat	Seasonal rills flowing over rock cliffs	Unique compared to other "bambootails"
Egg-laying Behavior	Lays eggs in moss beds on rock cliffs	Differs from the Myristica Bambootail which lays eggs on tree roots
Comparison with Myristica Bambootail	Similar genus, different species	Cliffside Bambootail: Rock cliffs, moss beds
Conservation Status	Currently unknown	Further research needed to assess threats
Discovery Importance	Highlights need for more studies in understudied regions	Contributes to understanding Western Ghats biodiversity

Conclusion

The discovery emphasizes the need for further research to understand the biodiversity of the southern Western Ghats. Studying the specific habitat requirements and threats faced by the Cliffside Bambootail is crucial for its conservation. Protecting the biodiversity of the Western Ghats is essential for the well-being of various species, including the Cliffside Bambootail and Myristica Bambootail.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. What makes the Cliffside Bambootail newsworthy?

A) It's the first damselfly named after a rock climbing enthusiast.

B) It has vibrant, colorful wings rarely seen in damselflies.

C) It represents a new species discovered in India's Western Ghats.

D) Its unique diet includes rare, endangered insects.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The Cliffside Bambootail (Phylloneura rupestris) is a newly discovered species of damselfly found in the Ponmudi hills of Kerala, India. It belongs to the group of damselflies known as "bambootails" due to their long, slender abdomens that resemble bamboo stalks. The Cliffside Bambootail is named for its unique habit of laying its eggs in moss beds on seasonal rills that flow over rock cliffs. This is in contrast to other bambootails, which typically lay their eggs on the surface roots of riparian trees.