EOS-02                                        

 Copyright infringement not intended

Context

• EOS-02 satellite will be launched in second quarter of 2022- Government.

 

EOS-01

• About: EOS-02 (formerly known as Microsat-2A) is a planned Indian Earth observation microsatellite being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. EOS-02 is based on Microsat-TD.
• Launch: EOS-02 will be launched on Small Satellite Launch Vehicle's maiden flight SSLV-D1.
• Mandate: It is intended to be used for cartographic applications at a cadastral level, urban and rural management, coastal land use and regulation, utilities mapping, development and various other GIS applications. The satellite carries two payload: a mid-wavelength and a long-wavelength infared camera with a 6m resolution.

 

What is an Earth Observation Satellite?

• Earth observation satellite is also known as the Earth remote sensing satellite. As the name suggests, the satellites observe the planet Earth from space.
• The first EOS or remote sensing satellite was Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite sent to Earth's orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957. It was used to study the topmost layer of Earth's atmosphere, the ionosphere.
• Most EOS operate at about 500 to 600 kilometres from the surface of the earth and due to the substantial air drag they face at such a lower altitude, their orbits have to be rebooted frequently.

 

                             Copyright infringement not intended

 

Types of Earth observation satellites

• EOS can be divided into two types based on how they capture imagery - passive and active.
• Passive satellites detect radiation reflected off the Earth's surface, such as visible light and infrared.
• In general, passive Earth observation satellites (EOS) are not able to work through clouds.
• Active ones transmit energy towards Earth and measures returned signal which gives information about Earth's surface.
• In general, active Earth observation satellites (EO) can see through the clouds.

 

What are the applications of Earth Observation Satellites?

• These satellites can be used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, cartography, navigation and more.
• Military of different countries also use the Earth observation satellite for spying and communication. The most common example of applications of EOS are the images of Earth, or the view available in a popular Earth discovery application called Google Earth.
• To get the entire view of the Earth, EOS is placed in a polar orbit.
• The satellites are placed at a point where the relative motion of the satellite and Earth's movement around its polar axis, the satellite is able to get a view of the entire globe.
• To achieve an orbital period of 24 hours, which is also equal to one day on the Earth, EOS has to be placed in a geostationary orbit, which is at 36,000 km from the surface of the Earth.

 

How earth observational satellites collect data

• Earth Observational Satellites travel on a range of different orbits, offering varying perspectives of the Earth.
• Most satellites do not continuously collect data due to limitations in power and memory. Some offer regular and reliable data acquisition while others collect in small quantities over a period of time.
• Data is stored on-board the satellite until it is in sight of a ground station to downlink the data. The time between an image being taken and being available to download can range between a month to a few minutes and is getting faster as technology progresses.

 

ISRO's Earth Observational Satellites

• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched many operational remote sensing satellites.
• Many operational satellites are in sun-synchronous orbit and four in Geostationary orbit.
• Operational satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit: RESOURCESAT-1, 2, 2A CARTOSAT-1, 2, 2A, 2B, RISAT-1 and 2, OCEANSAT-2, Megha-Tropiques, SARAL and SCATSAT-1.
• Operational satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit: INSAT-3D, Kalpana & INSAT 3A, INSAT -3DR.
• The data from these satellites are used for several applications covering agriculture, water resources, urban planning.
• It is also used for rural development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources and disaster management.

 

 ISRO’s EOS Series Satellites

The details of the satellites included in the EOS series are as follows:

• EOS-01: Earth Observation satellite meant for Agriculture, Forestry & disaster management support.
• EOS-02: Technology demonstration satellite for various new technologies with applications that include agriculture, forestry, geology, hydrology etc. and forming the payload for SSLV-1.
• EOS-03 : First Agile Earth Observation satellite in Geostationary orbit and applications which include near real time imaging, quick monitoring of natural disasters, spectral signatures for agriculture, forestry etc.
• EOS-04 : Radar Imaging satellite meant to provide high quality images under all weather conditions for applications such as Agriculture, Forestry & Plantations, Soil Moisture & Hydrology and Flood Mapping.
• EOS-05 : Earth Observation Satellite in the Geostationary Orbit.
• EOS-06 : Earth Observation satellite meant for applications, which include ocean related services and advisories towards potential fishing zone forecast , ocean state forecast

 

                                                           Copyright infringement not intended

 

List of Earth Observation Satellites

	Launch Date	Launch Mass	Launch Vehicle	Orbit Type	Application
EOS-04	Feb 14, 2022		PSLV-C52/EOS-04 Mission		Earth Observation
EOS-03	Aug 12, 2021		GSLV-F10 / EOS-03	GTO	Earth Observation
EOS-01	Nov 07, 2020		PSLV-C49/EOS-01	LEO	Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
RISAT-2BR1	Dec 11, 2019	628 Kg	PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1	LEO	Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
Cartosat-3	Nov 27, 2019		PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission	SSPO	Earth Observation
RISAT-2B	May 22, 2019	615 Kg	PSLV-C46 Mission	LEO	Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
HysIS	Nov 29, 2018		PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission	SSPO	Earth Observation
Cartosat-2 Series Satellite	Jan 12, 2018	710 Kg	PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission	SSPO	Earth Observation
Cartosat-2 Series Satellite	Jun 23, 2017	712 kg	PSLV-C38 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite	SSPO	Earth Observation
Cartosat -2 Series Satellite	Feb 15, 2017	714 kg	PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite	SSPO	Earth Observation
RESOURCESAT-2A	Dec 07, 2016	1235 kg	PSLV-C36 / RESOURCESAT-2A	SSPO	Earth Observation
SCATSAT-1	Sep 26, 2016	371 kg	PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1	SSPO	Climate & Environment
INSAT-3DR	Sep 08, 2016	2211 kg	GSLV-F05 / INSAT-3DR	GSO	Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System
CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite	Jun 22, 2016	737.5 kg	PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite	SSPO	Earth Observation
INSAT-3D	Jul 26, 2013	2060 Kg	Ariane-5 VA-214	GSO	Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System
SARAL	Feb 25, 2013	407 kg	PSLV-C20/SARAL	SSPO	Climate & Environment, Earth Observation
RISAT-1	Apr 26, 2012	1858 kg	PSLV-C19/RISAT-1	SSPO	Earth Observation
Megha-Tropiques	Oct 12, 2011	1000 kg	PSLV-C18/Megha-Tropiques	SSPO	Climate & Environment, Earth Observation
RESOURCESAT-2	Apr 20, 2011	1206 kg	PSLV-C16/RESOURCESAT-2	SSPO	Earth Observation
CARTOSAT-2B	Jul 12, 2010	694 kg	PSLV-C15/CARTOSAT-2B	SSPO	Earth Observation
Oceansat-2	Sep 23, 2009	960 kg	PSLV-C14 / OCEANSAT-2	SSPO	Climate & Environment, Earth Observation
RISAT-2	Apr 20, 2009	300 kg	PSLV-C12 / RISAT-2	SSPO	Earth Observation
CARTOSAT – 2A	Apr 28, 2008	690 Kg	PSLV-C9 / CARTOSAT – 2A	SSPO	Earth Observation
IMS-1	Apr 28, 2008	83 kg	PSLV-C9 / CARTOSAT – 2A	SSPO	Earth Observation
CARTOSAT-2	Jan 10, 2007	650 kg	PSLV-C7 / CARTOSAT-2 / SRE-1	SSPO	Earth Observation
CARTOSAT-1	May 05, 2005	1560 kg	PSLV-C6/CARTOSAT-1/HAMSAT	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-P6 / RESOURCESAT-1	Oct 17, 2003	1360 kg	PSLV-C5 /RESOURCESAT-1	SSPO	Earth Observation
The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)	Oct 22, 2001		PSLV-C3 / TES	SSPO	Earth Observation
Oceansat(IRS-P4)	May 26, 1999	1050 kg	PSLV-C2/IRS-P4	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-1D	Sep 29, 1997	1250kg	PSLV-C1 / IRS-1D	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-P3	Mar 21, 1996	920 kg	PSLV-D3 / IRS-P3	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-1C	Dec 28, 1995	1250 kg	Molniya	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-P2	Oct 15, 1994	804 kg	PSLV-D2	SSPO	Earth Observation
IRS-1E	Sep 20, 1993	846 kg	PSLV-D1	LEO	Earth Observation
IRS-1B	Aug 29, 1991	975 kg	Vostok	SSPO	Earth Observation
SROSS-2	Jul 13, 1988	150 kg	ASLV-D2		Earth Observation, Experimental
IRS-1A	Mar 17, 1988	975 kg	Vostok	SSPO	Earth Observation
Rohini Satellite RS-D2	Apr 17, 1983	41.5 kg	SLV-3	LEO	Earth Observation
Bhaskara-II	Nov 20, 1981	444 kg	C-1 Intercosmos	LEO	Earth Observation, Experimental
Rohini Satellite RS-D1	May 31, 1981	38 kg	SLV-3D1	LEO	Earth Observation
Bhaskara-I	Jun 07, 1979	442 kg	C-1Intercosmos	LEO	Earth Observation, Experimental

 

Important Links: https://www.iasgyan.in/blogs/types-of-orbits-explained

https://www.iasgyan.in/daily-current-affairs/eos-03

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1814390