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EOS-02                                        

8th April, 2022

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Context

  • EOS-02 satellite will be launched in second quarter of 2022- Government.

 

EOS-01

  • About: EOS-02 (formerly known as Microsat-2A) is a planned Indian Earth observation microsatellite being developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. EOS-02 is based on Microsat-TD.
  • Launch: EOS-02 will be launched on Small Satellite Launch Vehicle's maiden flight SSLV-D1.
  • Mandate: It is intended to be used for cartographic applications at a cadastral level, urban and rural management, coastal land use and regulation, utilities mapping, development and various other GIS applications. The satellite carries two payload: a mid-wavelength and a long-wavelength infared camera with a 6m resolution.

 

What is an Earth Observation Satellite?

  • Earth observation satellite is also known as the Earth remote sensing satellite. As the name suggests, the satellites observe the planet Earth from space.
  • The first EOS or remote sensing satellite was Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite sent to Earth's orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957. It was used to study the topmost layer of Earth's atmosphere, the ionosphere.
  • Most EOS operate at about 500 to 600 kilometres from the surface of the earth and due to the substantial air drag they face at such a lower altitude, their orbits have to be rebooted frequently.

 

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Types of Earth observation satellites

  • EOS can be divided into two types based on how they capture imagery - passive and active.
  • Passive satellites detect radiation reflected off the Earth's surface, such as visible light and infrared.
  • In general, passive Earth observation satellites (EOS) are not able to work through clouds.
  • Active ones transmit energy towards Earth and measures returned signal which gives information about Earth's surface.
  • In general, active Earth observation satellites (EO) can see through the clouds.

 

What are the applications of Earth Observation Satellites?

  • These satellites can be used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, cartography, navigation and more.
  • Military of different countries also use the Earth observation satellite for spying and communication. The most common example of applications of EOS are the images of Earth, or the view available in a popular Earth discovery application called Google Earth.
  • To get the entire view of the Earth, EOS is placed in a polar orbit.
  • The satellites are placed at a point where the relative motion of the satellite and Earth's movement around its polar axis, the satellite is able to get a view of the entire globe.
  • To achieve an orbital period of 24 hours, which is also equal to one day on the Earth, EOS has to be placed in a geostationary orbit, which is at 36,000 km from the surface of the Earth.

 

How earth observational satellites collect data

  • Earth Observational Satellites travel on a range of different orbits, offering varying perspectives of the Earth.
  • Most satellites do not continuously collect data due to limitations in power and memory. Some offer regular and reliable data acquisition while others collect in small quantities over a period of time.
  • Data is stored on-board the satellite until it is in sight of a ground station to downlink the data. The time between an image being taken and being available to download can range between a month to a few minutes and is getting faster as technology progresses.

 

ISRO's Earth Observational Satellites

  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has launched many operational remote sensing satellites.
  • Many operational satellites are in sun-synchronous orbit and four in Geostationary orbit.
  • Operational satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit: RESOURCESAT-1, 2, 2A CARTOSAT-1, 2, 2A, 2B, RISAT-1 and 2, OCEANSAT-2, Megha-Tropiques, SARAL and SCATSAT-1.
  • Operational satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit: INSAT-3D, Kalpana & INSAT 3A, INSAT -3DR.
  • The data from these satellites are used for several applications covering agriculture, water resources, urban planning.
  • It is also used for rural development, mineral prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources and disaster management.

 

 ISRO’s EOS Series Satellites

The details of the satellites included in the EOS series are as follows:

  • EOS-01: Earth Observation satellite meant for Agriculture, Forestry & disaster management support.
  • EOS-02: Technology demonstration satellite for various new technologies with applications that include agriculture, forestry, geology, hydrology etc. and forming the payload for SSLV-1.
  • EOS-03 : First Agile Earth Observation satellite in Geostationary orbit and applications which include near real time imaging, quick monitoring of natural disasters, spectral signatures for agriculture, forestry etc.
  • EOS-04 : Radar Imaging satellite meant to provide high quality images under all weather conditions for applications such as Agriculture, Forestry & Plantations, Soil Moisture & Hydrology and Flood Mapping.
  • EOS-05 : Earth Observation Satellite in the Geostationary Orbit.
  • EOS-06 : Earth Observation satellite meant for applications, which include ocean related services and advisories towards potential fishing zone forecast , ocean state forecast

 

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List of Earth Observation Satellites

Launch Date

Launch Mass

Launch Vehicle

Orbit Type

Application

EOS-04

Feb 14, 2022

PSLV-C52/EOS-04 Mission

Earth Observation

EOS-03

Aug 12, 2021

GSLV-F10 / EOS-03

GTO

Earth Observation

EOS-01

Nov 07, 2020

PSLV-C49/EOS-01

LEO

Disaster Management System, Earth Observation

RISAT-2BR1

Dec 11, 2019

628 Kg

PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1

LEO

Disaster Management System, Earth Observation

Cartosat-3

Nov 27, 2019

PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission

SSPO

Earth Observation

RISAT-2B

May 22, 2019

615 Kg

PSLV-C46 Mission

LEO

Disaster Management System, Earth Observation

HysIS

Nov 29, 2018

PSLV-C43 / HysIS Mission

SSPO

Earth Observation

Cartosat-2 Series Satellite

Jan 12, 2018

710 Kg

PSLV-C40/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission

SSPO

Earth Observation

Cartosat-2 Series Satellite

Jun 23, 2017

712 kg

PSLV-C38 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite

SSPO

Earth Observation

Cartosat -2 Series Satellite

Feb 15, 2017

714 kg

PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Series Satellite

SSPO

Earth Observation

RESOURCESAT-2A

Dec 07, 2016

1235 kg

PSLV-C36 / RESOURCESAT-2A

SSPO

Earth Observation

SCATSAT-1

Sep 26, 2016

371 kg

PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1

SSPO

Climate & Environment

INSAT-3DR

Sep 08, 2016

2211 kg

GSLV-F05 / INSAT-3DR

GSO

Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System

CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite

Jun 22, 2016

737.5 kg

PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite

SSPO

Earth Observation

INSAT-3D

Jul 26, 2013

2060 Kg

Ariane-5 VA-214

GSO

Climate & Environment, Disaster Management System

SARAL

Feb 25, 2013

407 kg

PSLV-C20/SARAL

SSPO

Climate & Environment, Earth Observation

RISAT-1

Apr 26, 2012

1858 kg

PSLV-C19/RISAT-1

SSPO

Earth Observation

Megha-Tropiques

Oct 12, 2011

1000 kg

PSLV-C18/Megha-Tropiques

SSPO

Climate & Environment, Earth Observation

RESOURCESAT-2

Apr 20, 2011

1206 kg

PSLV-C16/RESOURCESAT-2

SSPO

Earth Observation

CARTOSAT-2B

Jul 12, 2010

694 kg

PSLV-C15/CARTOSAT-2B

SSPO

Earth Observation

Oceansat-2

Sep 23, 2009

960 kg

PSLV-C14 / OCEANSAT-2

SSPO

Climate & Environment, Earth Observation

RISAT-2

Apr 20, 2009

300 kg

PSLV-C12 / RISAT-2

SSPO

Earth Observation

CARTOSAT – 2A

Apr 28, 2008

690 Kg

PSLV-C9 / CARTOSAT – 2A

SSPO

Earth Observation

IMS-1

Apr 28, 2008

83 kg

PSLV-C9 / CARTOSAT – 2A

SSPO

Earth Observation

CARTOSAT-2

Jan 10, 2007

650 kg

PSLV-C7 / CARTOSAT-2 / SRE-1

SSPO

Earth Observation

CARTOSAT-1

May 05, 2005

1560 kg

PSLV-C6/CARTOSAT-1/HAMSAT

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-P6 / RESOURCESAT-1

Oct 17, 2003

1360 kg

PSLV-C5 /RESOURCESAT-1

SSPO

Earth Observation

The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)

Oct 22, 2001

PSLV-C3 / TES

SSPO

Earth Observation

Oceansat(IRS-P4)

May 26, 1999

1050 kg

PSLV-C2/IRS-P4

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-1D

Sep 29, 1997

1250kg

PSLV-C1 / IRS-1D

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-P3

Mar 21, 1996

920 kg

PSLV-D3 / IRS-P3

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-1C

Dec 28, 1995

1250 kg

Molniya

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-P2

Oct 15, 1994

804 kg

PSLV-D2

SSPO

Earth Observation

IRS-1E

Sep 20, 1993

846 kg

PSLV-D1

LEO

Earth Observation

IRS-1B

Aug 29, 1991

975 kg

Vostok

SSPO

Earth Observation

SROSS-2

Jul 13, 1988

150 kg

ASLV-D2

Earth Observation, Experimental

IRS-1A

Mar 17, 1988

975 kg

Vostok

SSPO

Earth Observation

Rohini Satellite RS-D2

Apr 17, 1983

41.5 kg

SLV-3

LEO

Earth Observation

Bhaskara-II

Nov 20, 1981

444 kg

C-1 Intercosmos

LEO

Earth Observation, Experimental

Rohini Satellite RS-D1

May 31, 1981

38 kg

SLV-3D1

LEO

Earth Observation

Bhaskara-I

Jun 07, 1979

442 kg

C-1Intercosmos

LEO

Earth Observation, Experimental

 

Important Links: https://www.iasgyan.in/blogs/types-of-orbits-explained

https://www.iasgyan.in/daily-current-affairs/eos-03

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1814390