GARBAGE FREE CITIES: SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

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Context - National Behaviour Change Communication Framework for ‘Garbage Free Cities’ launched under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0.

Details

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has launched the ‘National Behaviour Change Communication Framework for Garbage Free Cities’ under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0.
The main objective of the initiative is to strengthen the continuing Jan Andolan for ‘Garbage Free Cities’.
The ‘Garbage Free cities’ initiative will become the world’s largest behaviour change programme to promote the principles of sustainable urbanisation, circular economy, Reuse, Reduce, Recycle, as well as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India in 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management.
It is a restructured version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2009.
Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission lasted till October 2019.
Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25.
The mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi through the construction of toilets.
The objectives of the first phase of the mission:
- Eradication of manual scavenging.
- Generating awareness and bringing about behaviour change regarding sanitation practices.
- Building capacity at the local level.
The second phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste, while also working to improve the lives of sanitation workers.
Under the scheme, the Government provides subsidies for constructing toilets, waste management structures, and awareness campaigns to bring behaviour change.
The campaign is financed by the Government of India and state governments.
The mission is split into two: Rural and Urban.
- In rural areas "SBM - Gramin" is financed and monitored through the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
- In Urban areas "SBM - Urban" is overseen by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Present Status

According to the dashboards maintained by ministries, more than 100 million individual household level toilets have been constructed in rural areas and 6 million household toilets in urban areas.
Nearly 6 million community and public toilets have also been constructed in the urban areas.
Nearly 11 crores of online Integrated Management Information systems (IMIS) have been constructed in the country.
Nearly 2 lakh Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) have been constructed under the programme.
More than 4,200 cities and more than 600,000 villages across the country have declared themselves open defecation frees (ODF).
More than 87 thousand wards in urban areas now have 100% door to door collection of solid waste and nearly 65 thousand words practice 100% segregation of waste at source.
According to UNICEF, the number of people without a toilet has been reduced from 550 million to 50 million.
The World Bank reports that 96% of Indians who have a toilet use it.