GREAT BARRIER REEF

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Context

The critical situation facing the Great Barrier Reef, one of the world's most iconic natural wonders, due to a combination of environmental challenges, particularly the impacts of climate change.

Details

• The Great Barrier Reef faces mounting challenges as environmental issues threaten its existence.
• UNESCO's decision on whether to list it as "in danger" has been deferred due to a change in approach by the Australian government.

UNESCO's Concern and Government Response

• UNESCO has deferred the decision on listing the Great Barrier Reef as "in danger."
• Change in approach by the Australian government, particularly between the former Coalition government and Labor, influenced the decision.

Challenges to the Reef

• Persistent Threats: Agricultural runoff, shipping pollution, and fisheries continue to pose significant threats to the reef's health. Despite improvements in water quality, challenges like climate change remain.
• Impact of Climate Change: Rising temperatures and marine heat waves due to climate change have devastating effects on coral reefs. Background warming and intense marine heatwaves exacerbate coral bleaching and mortality.
• Limited Resilience: While the reef displays resilience to a certain extent, there is a threshold beyond which coral communities collapse. Recent efforts for coral regrowth during cooler years are insufficient to counter long-term impacts.
• Urgent Need for Action: Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, remains the primary threat to the reef's survival. Incremental efforts such as seeking heat-tolerant corals or replanting baby coral may not be effective.
• Time Sensitivity: The urgency of the situation demands immediate and comprehensive action. Delaying decisions and relying on incremental efforts is insufficient given the rapid pace of climate change.

Concerns and Realities

• The Australian government's efforts and funding to address issues like water quality and gillnet use are positive but insufficient.
• The focus on climate change and greenhouse gas emissions remains inadequate, endangering the reef's future.

About Great Barrier Reef

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• The Great Barrier Reef, situated off the northeastern coast of Australia, is one of the world's most remarkable and diverse marine ecosystems.
• It stretches over 2,300 kilometers (1,430 miles) and encompasses a vast expanse of coral reefs, islands, and marine life.
• Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the reef holds immense ecological significance and is a global treasure.

Biodiversity and Ecological Importance

• Coral Diversity: The Great Barrier Reef is composed of nearly 3,000 individual reefs and boasts a remarkable variety of coral species, each contributing to the vibrant colors and intricate structures of the underwater world.
• Marine Species: The reef is home to an impressive array of marine life, including more than 1,500 species of fish, various mollusks, sharks, rays, marine mammals, and countless invertebrates.
• Economic Value: Beyond its ecological role, the Great Barrier Reef supports Australia's economy through tourism, fishing, and recreational activities, generating billions of dollars annually and providing livelihoods to local communities.

PRACTICE QUESTION Q) Analyze the implications of climate change and human activities on the reef's health and suggest measures to ensure its long-term sustainability. (150 words)

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/climate-crisis-tourism-may-place-venice-on-unesco-heritage-danger-list-90947