NECROTISING FASCIITIS

Source: NDTV

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Context

British Man develops Necrotising fasciitis, a Flesh-Eating Disease, after being bitten by deadly spider.

Necrotising Fasciitis

It is a rare but severe bacterial infection that destroys tissues under the skin, including muscles, fat, and fascia (connective tissues). It is often referred to as a "flesh-eating disease." It progresses rapidly and can lead to systemic sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death if not treated promptly.

Pathogenesis

It is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, which is caused by toxins released by the bacteria. The infection typically starts in the fascia (the connective tissue surrounding muscles) and spreads through the planes of soft tissue. As the infection progresses, it can affect skin, muscle, and fat.

Types

• Type I (Polymicrobial): This form involves a combination of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including Gram-positive cocci (such as streptococci), Gram-negative rods (like E. coli), and anaerobes (such as Bacteroides).
• Type II (Monomicrobial): This type is usually caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS)or Staphylococcus aureus and can affect otherwise healthy individuals.

Treatment

Immediate and aggressive removal of infected and dead tissue is crucial. Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics are administered immediately to cover the polymicrobial nature of the infection.

Mortality

The mortality rate for necrotising fasciitis is high, ranging from 20% to 40%. Early detection and aggressive treatment improve survival chances.

Bacteria

The infection is usually polymicrobial, meaning more than one type of bacteria is involved, but it can also be caused by a single pathogen. The bacteria include:

• Group A Streptococcus
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Clostridium species
• Bacteroides and Escherichia coli

Sources:

NDTV 

PRACTICE QUESTION Q:Consider the following pairs regarding diseases and bacteria causing them: 1.Cholera:: Vibrio species. 2.Leprosy:: Mycobacterium species. 3.Tetanus:: Clostridium tetani. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? a. 1 and 3 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 2 only d. 1, 2 and 3 Answer: d Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It primarily causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Statement 2 is correct: Leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and upper respiratory tract. Statement 3 is correct: Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which affects the nervous system and causes muscle stiffness and spasms.