PM GARIB KALYAN ANN YOJNA

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Context - The Union Government has released Rs.2,94,718/- Crore under PM Garib Kalyan Ann Yojna and National Food Security Act.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY) is a food security welfare scheme announced by the Government of India in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
The program is implemented by the Department of Food and Public Distribution under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY) is a scheme as part of AtmaNirbhar Bharat to supply free food grains to migrants and the poor.
The objective of the Scheme is to support the poorest citizens of India by providing grain through the Public Distribution System.
The scale of this welfare scheme makes it the largest food security program in the world.
PMGKAY provides 5 kg of rice or wheat (according to regional dietary preferences) per person and 1 kg of pulses to each family holding a ration card.

Beneficiaries

Families belonging to the Below Poverty Line, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Priority Households (PHH) categories will be eligible for the scheme.
- PHH are to be identified by State Governments/Union Territory Administrations as per criteria evolved by them.
- AAY families are to be identified by States/UTs as per the criteria prescribed by the Central Government.
Households headed by widows or disabled persons or persons aged 60 years or more with no assured means of subsistence or societal support.
All primitive tribal households.
Landless agricultural labourers, marginal farmers, rural artisans/craftsmen such as potters, tanners, weavers, blacksmiths, carpenters, slum dwellers, and persons earning their livelihood on daily basis in the informal sector like porters, coolies, rickshaw pullers, hand cart pullers, fruit and flower sellers, snake charmers, rag pickers, cobblers, destitute and other similar categories in both rural and urban areas.
All eligible Below Poverty Line families of HIV positive persons.

Present Status

The government has spent approximately Rs 2.6 lakh crore so far and another Rs 80,000 crore will be spent over the next six months till September 2022, taking the total expenditure under PM-GKAY to nearly Rs 3.4 lakh crore.
The scheme covers 80 crore ration cardholders across the countries who are supplied 5 kg of rice or wheat and one kg of pulses per person per month.
The benefit of the free ration can be availed through Ration card portability by any migrant labourer or beneficiary under the One Nation One Ration Card plan from nearly five lakh ration shops across the country.
- So far, over 61 crore portability transactions have benefited the beneficiaries away from their homes.
Phase-I and Phase-II of this scheme were operational from April to June 2020 and July to November 2020 respectively.
- Phase III of the scheme was operational from May to June 2021.
- Phase IV of the scheme is currently operational for July-November, 2021.
- Phase-V of the scheme from December 2021 to March 2022.

Steps by the Government to reduce Poverty and Hunger

The government launched an Action Plan on ‘Undernourishment frees India’ by 2022.
National Nutrition Strategy has set targets for 2022 and Poshan Abhiyan has Specified 3-year targets to Reduce Stunting, under nutrition and low birth weight by 2% each year and to reduce anaemia by 3% each year.
Public Distribution System (PDS) under NFSA (National Food Security Act), 2013 Provides food grains to 67% of India’s Population at Subsidised Prices.
- The Beneficiaries are entitled to 5 kilograms per person per month of cereals at the following prices: Rice at ₹3 per kg, Wheat at ₹2 per kg, coarse grains at ₹1 per kg.
- Pregnant women, lactating mothers, and certain categories of children are eligible for daily free cereals.
- Pregnant women and lactating mothers will also be entitled to receive maternity benefits of not less than Rs. 6,000.
- The eldest woman of the household age 18 years or above be the head of the household for the purpose of issuing ration cards.
- Provision for food security allowance to entitled beneficiaries in case of non-supply of entitled food grains or meals.
Operation Green to reduce Price volatility, Provide vegetables to Consumers at Affordable Prices.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) guarantees the “right to work” to adult members of any rural household at Statutory minimum wage, 100 days of employment.
Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

Concern

Approx 200 million people in India sleep hungry every night.
The green revolution turned India into a Food Surplus nation, but a large part of the Population is Still Poor and Malnourished.
Challenges of food insecurity and malnutrition, particularly in rural areas.
Evidence Confirms that increased income does not necessarily translate into improved diets and nutrition.

Steps need to be taken to reduce Poverty and Hunger

Ensure Sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
Investing in people to build human capital.
Providing Safe Water and Sanitation for all.
Better transport Connectivity.
Partnership with the Private Sector on infrastructure.
Boosting agriculture to Create jobs.
Supporting Children, adolescent girls, and women.
Facilitating women’s economic empowerment.
Promoting universal Social Protection.
Addressing the growing risks of Violence, Disasters and Climate Change.
Raising agricultural Productivity and Promoting Climate-Smart agriculture.
Ensure access to affordable and reliable energy.
Investing in education to boost job Skills.
Promote regional integration.
Ensuring food and nutritional Security through alleviation of poverty and hunger.
Integrating Agri Production, Nutrition and health.
Sustainable use of traditional Crops, vegetables, and fruit trees, as well as greater livestock diversity, to increase income and improve food and nutrition security in rural India.
Bio-fortification is important in overcoming hidden hunger Caused by micronutrient deficiencies Such as iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin B12.
Continue to identify issues and seek evidence-based solutions through research. Improve Connections between agricultural and nutritional research.
Decrease food loss and waste through more efficient distribution Systems.
Address the dual burdens of under-nutrition and obesity to ensure full human potential.

Way Forward

Poverty is a condition in which an individual or household lacks the financial resources to afford a basic minimum Standard of living. PM-GKAY would help us to fulfil the national goal of freedom from hunger and will ensure them a minimum standard of living and a minimum standard of public health.
Even though the COVID-19 cases have declined and economic activities are gathering momentum, this PM-GKAY extension would ensure that no poor household goes to bed without food during this time of recovery.