UPSC Current Affairs: Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs)

Specific Learning Disabilities (Slds)

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Context:

The Union government's initiative to introduce a new test for diagnosing specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in adults in India by the end of the year marks a significant step towards addressing the challenges faced by individuals with SLDs in obtaining disability certificates.

Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD)

Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that impede an individual's ability to comprehend, communicate, and calculate. Symptoms include challenges in reading, writing, spelling, and mathematical reasoning, persisting despite intervention efforts. As academic demands intensify, these difficulties become more pronounced. SLD severity varies, from mild, where compensatory strategies may suffice, to severe, necessitating intensive specialized instruction. While there is no cure for SLDs, timely interventions such as Individualized Education Programs, Special Education Schools, Learning Support Programs, and Psychotherapy, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), can empower individuals to manage symptoms effectively. In Singapore, specialized institutions like Pathlight, Eden School, and mainstream schools with learning support programs offer tailored assistance, illustrating a multifaceted approach to supporting individuals with SLDs.

Legal Challenges and Certification Requirements

The absence of diagnostic methods for SLDs in adults has been highlighted in a writ petition before the Supreme Court, emphasizing the necessity of such tests for obtaining disability certificates.
Disability certificates are essential for accessing benefits under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, including reservations in education institutions and government jobs.

The Role of NIEPID in Test Development

The National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID) in Secunderabad is tasked with designing the new test, showcasing a collaborative effort between governmental bodies and specialized institutions.

Implementation Challenges and Stop-Gap Measures

The Ministry of Social Justice's notification revising guidelines for assessing disabilities underscores the urgency in addressing the certification process for SLDs.
Existing certification requirements focus on children, leaving a gap for adults diagnosed later in life, leading to challenges in obtaining certification.

Individual Experiences and Advocacy

Personal testimonies, such as N. Sai Balaji's case, highlight the struggles individuals face in navigating educational and societal barriers without proper certification.
Advocates stress the importance of ensuring that certification processes do not hinder access to rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities.

Future Directions and Infrastructure Needs

While the introduction of the new test for adults is a crucial step, long-term efforts are needed to implement comprehensive screening programs in schools to identify SLDs early.
Public awareness campaigns and infrastructure development are essential to address the challenges of diagnosing and supporting individuals with SLDs, particularly in rural areas.

National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID)

The National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID), formerly known as NIMH, operates as an autonomous body under the Indian Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, with a core mission of empowering individuals with mental handicaps. Established in 1984 and commencing its services in 1985, NIEPID is headquartered in Secunderabad, Hyderabad. In 2009, the institute celebrated its 25th anniversary. NIEPID engages in a spectrum of activities aimed at human resources development, research and development, care and rehabilitation model development, documentation and dissemination, consultancy services for voluntary organizations, community-based rehabilitation, and outreach programs. The institute holds ISO 9001:2000 certification, underscoring its commitment to quality standards. Collaborating with entities such as the United States-based National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, NIEPID conducts workshops and initiatives, including a pioneering master's degree program in disability rehabilitation. Notably, the institute has been proactive in combating discrimination against persons with disabilities and has conducted extensive parent training programs, having trained 35,000 parents since its inception. In 2011, NIEPID welcomed Lady Gaga, facilitating discussions on ways to support disabled children, exemplifying its commitment to fostering inclusivity and empowerment.

Conclusion

The forthcoming introduction of the new diagnostic test for adults with SLDs represents a pivotal advancement towards inclusivity and accessibility for persons with disabilities in India.
However, sustained efforts are required to address systemic barriers and ensure equitable access to education, employment, and social participation for all individuals, regardless of their learning abilities.
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MUST READ ARTICLE ON DIABILITY IN INDIA: https://www.iasgyan.in/daily-current-affairs/india-disability-inclusion-and-the-power-of-by#:~:text=Statistics%20indicate%20a%20staggering%203,access%20to%20resources%20and%20opportunities

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. Why is inclusivity and accessibility vital for persons with disabilities in India? Assess the barriers they face and propose solutions. Consider the roles of government, civil society, and technology.