SUDAN WAR

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Context:

The Sudan war, ongoing for 500+ days has caused massive destruction and displacement.

About Sudan War

• The war that erupted in April 2023 has had devastating consequences, leading the country into a severe humanitarian and geopolitical crisis.
• The seeds of this conflict were sown in 2019 when Sudan's long-time authoritarian president was overthrown following a widespread protest.
  • • The transfer of power to a civilian government resulted in a conflict between several groups over power sharing.
• More than 25 million people are facing a humanitarian crisis, and nearly 9 million are internally displaced.

Background ●The civil war in Sudan is the result of political instability, ethnic tension and economic challenges. ●The conflict is the outcome of deep-seated political divisions resulting from the colonial past and uneven development post-independence. ●After the end of the authoritarian rule of President Omar Al Bashir in 2019. The ongoing conflict was triggered by a power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). ■SAF is part of the traditional military. ■RSF is a paramilitary force with roots in conflict-ridden regions of Sudan. ●The struggle is for establishing political control and also establishing supremacy over the resource-rich region, particularly gold mines. ●The conflict has affected basic services, leading to a shortage of food, water and medical supplies.

Concern

• Sudan conflict could spread to its neighbouring states such as Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya due to shared borders and regional instability.
• The conflict has already led to significant migration towards Europe. This migration could put pressure on the resources and policies in European countries.
• The Swiss Canal, a vital global trade route, could face risk from ongoing conflict, and any disruption could negatively impact global shipping and trading.

About Sudan

• It is located in northeastern Africa.
• It shares land borders with Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad, and Libya.
• Sudan's highest peak is the Deriba Caldera in the Marrah Mountains.
• The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan.
• Lake Nubia is located on the Sudan-Egyptian border.
• The Nubian Desert is in northeastern Sudan.

Source:

Indian Express

Sudanese civil war

Sudan

PRACTICE QUESTION Q. Consider the following countries: 1. Egypt 2. Chad 3. Ethiopia 4. Libya Which of the above countries share a border with Sudan? A) 1 and 2 only B) 1, 2, and 3 only C) 2, 3, and 4 only D) 1, 2, 3, and 4   Answer: D Explanation: Sudan shares land borders with Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad, and Libya.